Sunday 18 February 2018

RARRWA PETITION RE THEFT OF PIPE

KULDEEP KUMAR KOHLI
PRESIDENT
FEDERATION OF RESIDENTS WELFARE ASSOCIATION
08860332402
FORFORWA@GMAIL.COM



IN THE COURT OF SHRI MOHD ZAKARIA KHAN, JMIC, SOHNA

Kuldeep Kumar Kohli S/o Late Sh. Prem Nath  Kohli R/o RZ 200B, Street No. 3, Ram Chowk, Sadh Nagar Part –I, Palam Colony, New Delhi - 110045
….Complainant
Versus

1.    Ansal Retreat Resident Welfare Association (ARRWA), a Society with Registered Address at G 3A, Ansal Aravali Retreat, Village Raisina, District Gurgaon, Haryana through its President Mr. Rajesh Vats  
2.    Mr. Rajesh Vats, President, ARRWA
3.    Mr. Yogesh Singh, Secretary, ARRWA
4.    Mr. Birendra Singh Rawat, Treasurer, ARRWA
5.    Mr. Mukesh Arora, Vice-President, ARRWA
6.    Mr. Guneet Singh Dhillon, Joint Secretary, ARRWA
Accused 2 to 6 are available at address G-3A, Ansal Aravali Retreat, Village Raisina, District Gurgaon (H.R)
7.    Unknown traders or persons who bought the pipeline as scrap metal.

…..Accused

PETITION FOR FRESH INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL COMPLAINT U/S 290, 291, 379, 406, 411, 413, 414, 417, 425, 430, 431, 120B/34 of IPC
1.          That the complainant is an owner of a plot of land, numbered A-2 in The Ansal Aravali Retreat at Village Raisina, Distt Gurgaon. The Ansal Aravali Retreat is a project having been undertaken by the Ansal Properties & Infrastructure Ltd. (APIL), wherein plots of land were demarcated and sold as Farm Houses.
2.          That the Aravali Retreat Residents Welfare Association (ARRWA) along with its office bearers, which include the Accused numbered 2 through 6 above, collectively referred to as the Accused, represent in general and to the public that they are the resident welfare society for the Ansal Aravali Retreat at village Raisina, Tehsil Sohna, District Gurgaon and hence deems itself in all its general correspondence as the representative of all residents of the Ansal Aravali Retreat, Ansal Aravali Retreat at village Raisina, Tehsil Sohna, District Gurgaon
3.          That the ARRWA had obtained in an opaque manner the maintenance right of the common property and infrastructure in the Ansal Aravalli Retreat, at village Raisina, Tehsil Sohna, District Gurgaon from the builder, Ansal Properties and Infrastructure Limited, on 10TH April, 2015 The Complainant obtained through an RTI filed with the office of the Registrar of Societies a copy of a letter whereby Mr Yogesh singh, Secretary of ARRWA had requested for intervention on behalf of the Registrar to enable hand over of maintenance of the Ansal Aravali Retreat. The true copy of the letter is annexed hereto as Exhibit-A.
4.          That the Complainant along with other residents sometime around January 2016 came to know of the illegal and improper removal of water pipelines installed in the Ansal Aravali Retreat for the benefit of the plot owners and residents laid down by developer Ansals Properties and Infrastructure Limited. Upon further investigation it was found that galvanised water supply pipelines of various sizes (8 inches) were being removed in an illegal manner from the campus of the Ansal Aravali Retreat, village Raisina, Tehsil Sohna, District Gurgaon and being sold as scrap metal by the Accused. To the knowledge of the Complainant and other residents, such pipelines were laid by the developer Ansals Properties and Infrastructure Limited at the time of the real estate project being founded, and this pipeline network is an essential part of the infrastructure and land. The representative of the concerned residents, Raisina Aravali Retreat Residents Welfare Association society, through its office bearer Col. Rampal Suhag (Retd) lodged a complaint vide letter dated 14.01.2016 apprising the SHO of PS Bhondsi of the wrongs being committed along with photographs of the act. Copies of the photographs of the pipes removed from the site are enclosed herewith as Exhibit 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D & 2E.
5.          That to the knowledge of the Complainant, no action was undertaken by the police in the matter, and the accused continued to extract and sell the pipeline from the Ansal Aravali Retreat. The Complainant believes that the non-action on part of the Police further emboldened the Accused.
6.          That the Complainant understands that the infrastructure built in the Ansal Aravali Retreat is for the benefit of all owners and residents, and that due to the cost of such infrastructure having been obtained from the owners by the builder, such infrastructure, including the pipeline for water supply are owned as common property by all the residents of the Ansal Aravali Retreat. Hence, it can only be seen that the developer Ansals Properties and Infrastructure Limited or the maintenance agency appointed by the developer ARRWA, are responsible to the owners and residents for maintenance of the infrastructure. Selling (without the prior permission of all Farm Land owners) of pipeline as scrap metal for Rs. 2, 80,121.00 (Rupees two lakhs eighty thousand one hundred and twenty only) is blatant abuse and criminal breach of such trust.
7.          That the Complainant and several other residents including members of the accused association like Col. Ram Pal Suhag, Shri Sudhir Agarwal, Capt. Vijay Kumar, Shri Vishwas Makhija, seeing no improvement in the situation again asked the complainant to file a complaint and apprise the police and authorities of the blatant breach of trust and/or theft being carried out. Towards the same, again Col Rampal Suhag, President RARRWA, sent out a letter to the Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon along with subsequent one to SHO P.S. Bhondsi.
8.          That the Complainant is aware that there is a maintenance agreement subsisting between the ARRWA and the Ansals Properties and Infrastructure Limited (APIL).
9.          That the Accused were vested with trust on behalf of the residents, including the complainant, to care and upkeep of the property and infrastructure of the Ansal Aravali Retreat. The Accused (with the dishonest intentions) violated and committed breach of such trust for wrongful gains by selling the GI Pipes amounting to Rs. Rs. 2, 80,121.00. The act of excavation and removal of pipes for gains without prior consent or approval of the real owners to the pipelines, which are the residents and owners of the farm houses and plots in the Ansal Aravali Retreat and the subsequent selling of such pipeline in a discrete manner shows ample proof of the intention of the Accused.
10.       That the Accused under the garb of a residential welfare society in an opaque arrangement with the Ansals Properties and Infrastructure Limited (APIL) and on the pretext of carrying out maintenance of the Ansal Aravali Retreat in furtherance of their common intentions and being in criminal conspiracy / colluded with each other, excavated the water supply pipeline without any prior approval or proper authority of any kind and ultimately succeeded in selling such pipeline as scrap metal showing the worth as Rs. 2, 80,121.00,  without there being any right, title or interest to do so, which resulted into siphoning of lakhs of rupees from the residents of the Ansal Aravali Retreat, including the Complainant. It is thereby rendered the Accused liable to be prosecuted and punished for commission of offences by them in collusion with each other.
11.       That the Accused, in active connivance, caused irreparable damage to water supply and irrigation to farm land by excavating and removing the pipeline. Furthermore their act of excavation caused damage to the roads and public path, rendering them obstructive and injurious to travel.
12.       That the Accused, in active connivance with each other, not only succeeded in causing such a huge wrongful loss to tune of lakhs of rupees to the residents including the complainant for their wrongful gains, but also caused huge dent to the public exchequer.
13.       That the complainant had filed a complaint under Sections 290, 291, 379, 406, 411, 413, 414, 417, 425, 430, 431, 120B/34 of IPC before this Honourable Court on 3.6.2016 in connection with the act of excavation and removal of pipes for gains without the proper consent and approval of the owners of the farm houses and plots in the Ansal Aravali Retreat and the subsequent selling of such pipelines in a discrete manner.

14.       This Honourable Court ordered  on 9.6.2016 that from the perusal of the complaint a prima facie cognizable case u/s 379 is made out against all the accused listed in the complaint and therefore directed the SHO, PS, Bhondsi to investigate the present case as envisaged u/s 156 (3) Cr. P.C. after the registration of the FIR.   

15.       That an FIR No. 232 dated 23.6.2016 under Section 379 was registered by PS Bhondsi, Tehsil Sohna, District Gurgaon wherein the total value of the property stolen was written as Rs. 5,000.00
16.       That based on the orders of this Honourable Court, immediate stringent actions were required to be initiated by the SHO, Bhondsi by conducting a thorough interrogation and investigation before the accused elude the law of the land in order to separate the grain from chaff and in the interest of justice.
17.       That this however never appeared to be the intention of the SHO, Bhondsi from day one as is visible from the value of the stolen property written  by him as Rs. 5,000.00 in the FIR filed by him as per the orders of this Honourable Court before conducting any investigation  and interrogation and without any basis the SHO preferred to write the value of the stolen pipes as Rs. 5,000.00
18.       That the pipes that have been stolen and were installed earlier were GI Pipes of 80 schedule 10 mm thick GI Pipes of a length of around one kilo meter i.e. 1000 meters and the probable life of this pipes at an average corrosion course is approx. 50-60 years. These pipes were GI pipes which were Zinc Coated from inside to minimize metal losses (corrosion) due to chemical reactions and these were with layer of zinc to give 100% protection from rusting.  The metal zinc lasts long and helps to increase the life of iron or steel.
19.       Some of the important features of Galvanized Iron pipes are higher longevity as well as durability,  anti-rust coating and superb finishing, higher resistance to corrosion, adhere to International Quality Standards
20.       These pipes weigh 46 kgs/Mtrs and hence the total weight of the pipes that have been stolen is approx. 46000 kilograms which means 46 tons. The cost of the 1000 meters pipes is approx. Rs. 4000 per meter and hence the total cost comes to Rs. 40.00 lakhs
21.       These pipes were placed on a cemented platform of 2.5 feet x 2.5 feet x 2.5 feet at a distance of 20 meters each which means approx. 50 platforms were constructed to embed the pipes on the platforms so that the same are not stolen or damaged by anyone. 
22.       The construction cost of each such platform is approx. Rs. 2500.  Per platform and hence a total cost of Rs. 1.25 laks.
23.       The transportation cost, labour, handling of 43 tons of pipes to the Ansals Aravali Retreat which is on a altitude of 500 feet itself comes to approx. Rs. 8.5 lakhs.
24.       Hence the total cost of the pipes including laying, transportation, labour, handling etc. comes to Rs. 50 lakhs as per details provided above.
25.       That a status report was filed by IO HC Pawan Kumar after investigating the matter wherein he has stated that he has been given the following documents based on which he has concluded that no offence under Section 379 has been committed by the Accused having colluded with each other in furtherance of their common intention.

a.       An Agreement for maintenance between the Accused being the office bearers of the Association from Ansals.
b.      Bill for sale of existing pipes for which the case has been filed
c.       Three bills for purchase of new pipes
d.      Three bills for placing new pipes in lieu of old pipes

26.       That as is evident from the report of the  IO HC Pawan Kumar  given above, the investigation was got done by the local police in a very careless manner without observing the provisions of the law and the discharge report is absolutely a biased report and the same has been prepared by the local police in order  to give the benefit to the accused and the discharge report is totally false and frivolous tainted and partial discharge report without any basis and substance and the same has been prepared because of extraneous consideration in order to help the accused.

27.       That this Honourable Court had ordered the matter to be investigated  as the Honourable court felt that prima facie cognizable case u/s 379 is made out against all the accused.

28.        It has been confirmed in the report submitted by the HC as detailed above that the moveable property i.e. pipes, after being severed from the foundation, has been sold means it has been moved and taken out of the possession of the owners, without the consent of the owners and hence the offence under section 379 has been committed.

29.       Any immoveable property in the entire complex is the undivided common property of all the owners and absolutely beyond the jurisdiction of any Resident Welfare Association to be sold without the permission of each and every owner.

30.       That the IO HC in his report has further stated that the old pipes have been sold and a bill for the sale of the said pipes has been provided to him, which itself is evidence that the pipes have been removed and sold.

31.       That the request by few of the office bearers to sell the old pipelines cannot be construed as a decision of each and every owner of the farm land at Ansals Aravali Retreat as each individual owner of the farm land is the owner of the pipes being the undivided common  property  and hence no other individual has  right to make a request or give a consent for sale of my priority and if it has been done by those few and acted upon by the office bearers, in such a case all of them have colluded with each other  in furtherance of their common intentions, excavated the water supply pipeline without any prior approval or proper authority of any kind and ultimately succeeded in selling such pipeline as scrap metal, without there being any right, title or interest to do so, which resulted into siphoning of lakhs of rupees from the residents of the Ansal Aravali Retreat, including the Complainant and hence an offence under Section 379 of IPC.
32.       That it is law fact that the property i.e. the pipes which were embedded on the cemented platform was an undivided common property belonging to each and every owner and the Ansals Aravali Retreat Residents Welfare Association and its illegally elected office bearers, which has been handed over the maintenance by APIL without the consent, knowledge and approval  of the owners,  were vested with trust on behalf of the residents, including the complainant, to care and upkeep of the property and infrastructure of the Ansal Aravali Retreat. The Accused violated and committed breach of such trust for wrongful gains. The act of excavation and removal of pipes for gains without prior consent or approval of the real owners to the pipelines, which are the residents and owners of the farm houses and plots in the Ansal Aravali Retreat and the subsequent selling of such pipeline in a discrete manner shows ample proof of the intention of the Accused.
33.       That no investigation has been made to find out where the existing pipes have been installed or what is the status of the existing pipes.
34.       That the placement of the new pipes does not in any way undermine the offence committed by the Accused of having sold the pipes illegally.
35.       That no investigation has been made on the dates of the replacement of the pipes which is much after the complainant having filed this complaint after being scared with the orders of the Honourable Court of filing an FIR against them and in any case placing fresh pipes does not absolve the accused of the crime committed by them in collusion with each other of selling the property belonging to other farm owners.
36.       That no details have been provided on the schedule and thickness and the kind of pipes that have now been  placed and it is understood that the newly installed pipes are 10 schedule 3.00 mm thick MS Pipes with no Zinc Coating inside with probably life of not more than 5 years.  These pipes are not more than 12-13 kgs/meter in weight. 
37.       That the IO HC Pawan Kumar did not make any efforts to find out if the basic standard operating procedures for sale of any common undivided property were followed or not.  Was any standing committee formed for sale of such costly items.  Was any proper advertisement released in the papers inviting quotations for purchase of the items?  Were any comparative quotes were obtained to maximise the sale proceedings.

38.       That the investigating officer has played into the hands of accused, has been irresponsible in making the investigation and the discharge report has been malalfidely prepared with the sole intention of helping the accused.

39.       That it is a settled law that the investigation of the police is the opinion of the police and the same is not binding upon this Honourable Court and the complainant has got ample evidence to prove the allegations of section 290, 291, 379, 406, 411, 413, 414, 417, 425, 430, 431, 120B/34 of IPC.

40.       That the complainant was surprised and astonished when he came to know that the police had filed the discharge report in respect of the accused.  It is a settled law that the result of investigation by the police is never used as legal evidence as held by the Honourable Supreme Court in Kaptan Singh Versus State of M.P 1997(3) RCR – Page 135.

41.       That this Honourable Court has already ordered an FIR to be lodged and now the complainant wants to be heard by this Honourable Court so that truth may come out before this Honourable Court in respect of the irresponsible investigation made by the IO with the sole intention of helping the accused and complainant has enough evidence to prove this that the investigations made by the IO HC Pawan Kumar and the due opportunity to prove the allegation against the HO IC be given to the complainant before accepting the discharge report of the HC IO and a fresh investigation may kindly be ordered.

42.       That it is a settled legal proposition of law that if the discharge report is submitted by the police shows that no offences made out it is open to the court to accept the report after hearing the complainant and to provide opportunity of being heard to the complainant and on the other hand if the court feels on perusal of such report that the alleged offence has been committed by that person the court has got power to ignore the conclusion arrived by the  investigation agency in its discharge report. And in that eventuality it is again open to the court to independently apply its judicial mind to the facts emerging there from the circumstances and to take cognizance of the offence and to order fresh investigation.

P  R  A  Y  E  R

It is, therefore, prayed that the petition for fresh investigation may kindly be entertained and the complainant may kindly be afforded the opportunity of leading independent evidence, as per the provisions of law in the interest of justice, equity and fair play.to prove that present investigation report  is biased  and with the sole intention of helping the accused


Complainant

Kuldeep Kumar Kohli S/o Late Sh.
Prem Nath Kohli R/o RZ 200B,
Street No. 3, Ram Chowk, Sadh Nagar Part –I, Palam Colony,
New Delhi - 110045

Through Counsel

Raj Kumar Goyal
Advocate, Gurgaon




IN THE COURT OF SHRI MOHD ZAKARIA KHAN, JMIC, SOHNA

Kuldeep Kumar Kohli S/o Late Sh. Prem Nath  Kohli R/o RZ 200B, Street No. 3, Ram Chowk, Sadh Nagar Part –I, Palam Colony, New Delhi - 110045
….Complainant
Versus
1.    Ansal Retreat Resident Welfare Association (ARRWA), a Society with Registered Address at G 3A, Ansal Aravali Retreat, Village Raisina, District Gurgaon, Haryana through its President Mr. Rajesh Vats  
2.    Mr. Rajesh Vats, President, ARRWA
3.    Mr. Yogesh Singh, Secretary, ARRWA
4.    Mr. Birendra Singh Rawat, Treasurer, ARRWA
5.    Mr. Mukesh Arora, Vice-President, ARRWA
6.    Mr. Guneet Singh Dhillon, Joint Secretary, ARRWA
Accused 2 to 6 are available at address G-3A, Ansal Aravali Retreat, Village Raisina, District Gurgaon (H.R)
7. Unknown traders or persons who bought the pipeline as scrap metal.
...... Accused
List of Witnesses

1)    Kuldeep Kumar Kohli
2)    Col. Ram Pal Suhag
3)    Shri Sudhir Agarwal
4)    Capt. Vijay Malik
5)    Shri Vishwa Makhija,
6)    Shri N K Jain
7)    Shri Mohinder Grover,
8)    Shri Amit Dhir
9)    Shri Munish Kumar
10)          Any other person which this court may deem fit
11)          Any Expert who can assess the value of the pipes

Complainant

Kuldeep Kumar Kohli S/o Late Sh.
Prem Nath  Kohli R/o RZ 200B,
Street No. 3, Ram Chowk, Sadh
Nagar Part –I, Palam Colony,
New Delhi - 110045

Through Counsel

Raj Kumar Goyal
Advocate, Gurgaon




FRWA- FAQS BY BUYERS BASED ON HARASSMENT BY BUILDERS


KULDEEP KUMAR KOHLI
PRESIDENT
FEDERATION OF RESIDENTS WELFARE ASSOCIATION
08860332402
FORFORWA@GMAIL.COM



FAQs by buyers based on harassment by builders

May these answers be construed as prima facie basic responses based on the limited information provided to us as on date by the members and members are advised to consult their Legal Counsel as well

Q. 1 If a person has been given the possession letter after a delay can he file the case for interest but he has not taken the possession?
Ans. 1       Yeshe can file a case for claiming interest for delay in granting Possession.

It is however advised that the Buyer should take possession if the construction is complete in all sense to the satisfaction of the Buyer and then the Buyer can proceed with taking action against the builder for claiming interest for delay in possession.

It is a common practice that even before the flats are ready, developers roll out the “Offer of Possession“. The actual possession of apartment happens after months of making final payments. Sometimes the possession is delayed further for reason like no Occupancy Certificate etc. Developers may give various excuses like the fitting and fixtures shall only be installed after final payment.[1]

The consumer / flat buyers cannot be forced to accept possession of the unit, offered at a belated stage, in the absence of any force majeure circumstances.[2]

It is also to be noted that in case a person / consumer denies to take possession of their property on being offered the same from the builder, a concrete reason / deficiency needs  to be pointed out  to enable the consumer to later accept the possession and claim interest for delay also.  

Q.2   What happens to a person who has taken the possession after a delay, having signed the indemnity bond?

Ans.2 Indemnity bond shall be executed by the Builder in favour of the buyer/s. Hence signing of Indemnity Bond is in the interest of the buyers.

Q. 3  One person bought the property from another and got a delayed possession. Can he file the case?   He has taken the possession.

Ans. 3      Yes, The subsequent buyer steps into the shoes of the previous buyer and hence all the  rights and entitlements which the previous buyer would have claimed, the subsequent buyer would be entitled to the same. In any case, the subsequent buyer would ‘buy the risks’ inherent with a property and that is the reason the subsequent buyer would usually purchase the property at a higher rate.

The answer to this question depends on the time when the re-sale was given effect to. Although the Subsequent Buyer of the Property has the right to claim interest from the builder but the rate at which such claim can be made depends upon the time when the re-sale happened.

Q.4   A person was offered possession four years beyond the delivery period and he is not taking possession because he wants interest what happens to his case.

Ans. 4      The answer to this question is same as that of 1. The claim for interest will survive irrespective of whether possession has been taken or not by the Buyer.


Q.5.  What happens to a person who has two properties? Will it be termed as commercial or he will be considered a consumer on the act.

Ans.5        Please refer to the judgment of Laxmi Engineering Works vs P.S.G. Industrial Institute on 4 April, 1995, Equivalent citations: 1995 AIR 1428, 1995 SCC (3) 583. The person may not be considered a consumer in the eyes of law. At times however if the property has not been bought from the same builder, the builder may or may not make this claim of the buyer/complainant owning second property.

A buyer who already has 2 Properties will be considered as a consumer under the act provided the Buyer does not trade in buying and selling houses on a regular basis for commercial gains.

Q.6   What happens to a person who is living in his own house and this is second or third property in his own name. Does he still get the interest inn case of delay in handing over possession and the Buyer denies taking the possession: the question was whether the Buyer can file a case for claiming Interest?

Ans.6       The answer would be same as above. (Please refer to answer to the question 5 and Laxmi Engineering Judgment)

Q.7   Under which section is a buyer covered under the Consumer Protection Act/Rules.

Ans.7        In terms of Section 2(1)(d)  of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Q. 8.          If the builder whose services are engaged by a buyer for construction of a residential house for him fails to complete the construction and deliver its possession on or before the date committed by him for the purpose, would such an act on the part of the builder be termed as an act of negligence, causing loss or injury to the flat buyer.

Ans. 8       Yes, The term “negligence” has not been defined in the Consumer protection Act but as per its dictionary meaning, it is the failure to give enough care or attention especially when such an act has serious results to another person.   (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, New 8th Edition).  As per Black’s Law Dictionary IX Edition, negligence includes the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation.
Hence in the absence of force-majeure circumstances, a prudent builder would have been in a position to construct the flats and offer their possession to the buyer on or before the date committed or at best within the grace period under the BBA.  By not delivering on the commitment made by it with respect to the delivery of the possession of the flats booked by the buyers, the builder certainly commits an act of negligence and since the said act of negligence results in loss or injury to the buyer who is deprived of the use of the flats booked by them, compensation in terms of 14(1)(d) of the Consumer Protection Act may be awarded to the buyer.

Furthermore since the Act empowers the Commission to direct removal of the deficiencies in the services,  in exercise of the afore said power of the Commission, the builder can also be directed and in fact ought to be directed to complete the construction and deliver possession of the flat to the buyer at the earliest possible.  Therefore both the directions sought by the buyers viz. direction for completion of the construction and delivery of possession of the flats and the direction for payment of compensation for the period, the possession is delayed are within the competence of the NCDRC under section 14 of the Consumer Protection Act.

Such a delay on the part of the builder would tantamount to deficiency in service in terms of 2(1)(g) of Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Q. 9 Would it be correct to say that the buyer approaching the NCDRC are asking for specific performance of the Agreement the buyers executed with the builder.

Ans.9. No, the specific performance of a contract can be sought before a Civil Court in terms of the provisions contained in the Specific Relief Act 1963.  Neither is the NCDRC a Civil Court not do the buyers invoke the provisions of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Q 10.         Is the person entitled for interest as compensation if he has bought the property in re-sale?

Ans. 10 Yes, the buyer steps into the shoes of the original buyer and hence is entitled for the   interest as compensation.

Q. 11         The builder first takes three instalments as advance and then sends the BBA for signatures which the buyer is bound to sign.  The time period of construction mentioned in the BBA starts from the date BBA is signed.  Is the person entitled for the interest for the first three instalments till the time the BBA is signed?

Ans. 11     Interest is usually awarded on the payment made which is calculated from the date of deposit till the date of realisation of the amount ordered by the Forum/Commission.
However interest on refund is treated differently from interest on delay. On delay the interest is usually awarded from the date of promised date of possession.

Q.12 Is giving the money as advance to the builder tantamount to acceptance of the offer and hence a contract is established

Ans. 12 Yes. A contract is certainly established. The builders are known to treat the buyers as captive buyers and hence they are left with no option but to dance to the tune of the builder. Thus in BBA the buyers don’t usually get any opportunity to negotiate the terms of the Agreement which goes contrary to the spirit of an enforceable contract.

Q. 13         What is the limitation within which you can approach RERA or NCDRC after having taken the possession?

Ans 13.To invoke Consumer Protection Act the limitation is 2 years from the date of cause of action whereas to invoke RERA the limitation is as per the Limitation Act, 1963 i.e. 3 years. It is to be noted that in terms of Section 19(10) every allottee is supposed to take physical possession of the property within a period of two months of the occupancy certificate issued by the government. It is advisable to invoke Consumer Protection Act in such situations where the defect/deficiency is on account of some latent defect in the property.

Q. 14         Should a consumer approach the State under RERA or go to the National Consumer for Relief.

Ans.14      It would depend upon the relief sought. At the moment jurisprudence related to RERA is still in the infancy and much has been left to the discretion of the authorities. At the same time however RERA can conduct investigation etc. whereas Consumer Fora cannot do that. Owing to a developed jurisprudence of Consumer Protection Act however the ease of handling of litigation is much more in Consumer Protection Act than RERA

Q. 15         Since the pecuniary limit of National Consumer Court is Rs. one Crore, can few flats owners asking for Possession and Interest  or Principal & Interest approach National Consumer if their combined value is more than Rs. One Crore.

Ans. 15 Yes under 12(1)(C) of Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Q. 16   Can an Association file a case on behalf of its members before the National Consumer  

Ans.16  Yes, under 12(1)(b) of Consumer Protection Act

Q.17  Can an Association file  case before the State RERA.

Ans. 17     Yes, under 12(1)(b) of Consumer Protection Act. Please refer to Amrapali Judgment CC/816/2016 upheld by SC in Civil Appeal No. 10882/2016  

Q. 18         In view of the clauses stipulating per sq.ft compensation per month by way of penalty, would it be considered as the upper limit of the compensation which can be awarded to the complainants, in the event of builder not giving the possession as per the dates mentioned in the BBA.

Ans.18      The aforesaid compensation is a unilateral and patently unfair term imposed by the builder upon the flat buyers.  Having already paid the booking amount to the builder, they become captive buyers and thus have no other option but to sign on the dotted lines, since the failure to execute the agreement unilaterally drafted by the builder and imposed upon the flat buyer is likely to result in the booking amount being forfeited by the builder.  Therefore, executing an agreement containing such a term is nothing but a consent given under coercion and cannot be said to be the result of the exercise of a free consent on the part of the flat buyer.  Moreover, a term to pay such a paltry compensation to the flat buyer in the event of default on the part of the builder, while making him pay exorbitant interest in the event of default or delay on his part is an absolutely unfair term.  In fact the incorporation of a term for payment of a paltry compensation to the buyer in the event of the failure of the builder to deliver possession within the time period committed by him had become so wide spread and rampant that the Legislature had to step in by enactment of the Real Estate (Regulation & Development) Act, 2016 to statutorily require the builder to pay compensation in the form of interest at prescribed rate in the event of the possession being delayed or the buyer deciding to quit on account of the delay on the part of the builder in delivering upon the promise made by him.  Hence irrespective of the clauses in the BBA, the buyer is entitled to a just and fair compensation for the period the possession of the flats is delayed by the opposite party.

If a paltry compensation of say Rs. 10 per s.ft per month is awarded against a builder, it may lead to dangerous consequences since the builder may be tempted not to complete the construction and divert the money collected from the flat buyers for other purposes. Paying such a meagre compensation would be a win-win situation for a builder who is likely to pay many times more if he goes to market for arranging finances which he gets by diverting the money collected from the flat buyers to other purposes.

Q.19. What is the normal compensation being awarded by the NCDRC – National Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum.

Ans. 19.    Simple interest @ 8% per annum  with effect from the committed date of possession till the date on which the possession was given or is actually offered.

Q 20.  Till what date is the interest given?

 Ans. 20.   Till the date on which the possession is actually offered and not till the date of the Occupation Certificate.

Q 21.         What is the grace period which the builder is entitled while computing the committed date of possession.

 Ans. 21.   There is no entitlement. However usually the terms of the BBA incorporate  a grace period of 3 months/6 months. It is to be noted that this grace period is a matter of agreement between the two parties i.e. builder and the buyer. Hence the builder may as well insist on no grace period.

Q. 22.        Is the compensation payable adjusted out of the additional amount, if any payable, by the complainants to the opposite party?

 Ans. 22    Yes. Usually the courts direct adjustment of the amount.

Q. 23             Is the balance amount, if any, to be paid to the builder before the flat is offered. 

Ans. 23.        The balance amount is payable while offering possession of the flat.

Q 24.         In case a possession has been taken, does the court still award the compensation and within which period is it payable to the buyer.

Ans. 24.  Yes, the buyer is entitled for compensation even if he has taken the possession and the amount is payable to him within three months of the order of the Commission. 

Q. 25         Does the Court order the cost in favour of the buyer.

Ans. 25     Yes the court has been ordering the cost of litigation to the tune of Rs. 25,000.00 in   respect of each complaint.

Q.26.         Is the existing BBA applicable in respect of projects under RERA. 

Ans. 26     No, for such projects the BBA has to be approved by the Legislature. Most of the ongoing projects have been kept out of the purview of RERA and As per section 13(2), the appropriate Government is required to specify through Rules the ‘Agreement for Sale’ to be entered into between the promoter and the allottee. This Agreement is binding on the parties, however, internal flexibility could be provided in the said Agreement for Sale, for determination / insertion of other provisions as decided between the parties for mutual benefit. Hence the existing BBA are not applicable with respect to projects under RERA.


Warm Regards 


Kuldeep Kumar Kohli 


[1] Read more at The Logical Buyer's blog: Pay delay penalty till actual possession – No more “Offer of Possession” http://www.thelogicalbuyer.com/blog/?p=1416
[2] Megh Raj vs M/S Omaxe Chandigarh Extension, SCDRC Chandigarh